Doing business in Latin America can be tricky. Not everyone is forthright, and there are a lot of scammers just waiting to take advantage of an unsuspecting gringo. The good news is that there are a lot of honest professionals who want your trust as well as your business. The key is making sure those are the ones you’re trusting with your time and money.
Josh Linnes and Park Wilson, co-founders of Emerging Terrains, talk candidly about their experiences buying, developing, and selling property in Latin America.
So is Central America a bad place to do business or invest in property?
Josh: Absolutely not. Most people in Latin America are good folks. But there are a few out there who have literally built their business model around taking advantage of people. And we’re not talking about souvenir vendors here. They can be quite organized and sophisticated.
Park: This is no different than in any other country. But if you’re coming down here as a greenhorn, just be aware that you can be easily identified as a target.
How do I avoid getting mixed up with the wrong person or company?
Josh: If you have never done business in a foreign country before, it’s best to stick with the reputable companies. They’re easy to find. It just takes doing some internet research and sending a few emails.
Park: Josh is right. It’s a lot harder to be a long-term scam artist these days. If the company’s been in business a decent length of time, you can easily find out if they’ve ticked anybody off.
I like to do searches for the company name with the words “scam” or “rip-off” tacked on. You can even try “Don’t ever do business with…” and then the company name. It’s surprising what you can find.
And always talk to more than one source. I like to make sure I get the same answers from several different references before I truly put my confidence in someone.
That sounds like a lot of research. Do I need to do this for every different category of professional I’ll be dealing with?
Park: Not necessarily. From our experience, we’ve found the whole “birds of a feather” concept to be very true in the Latin American business culture. So when you find someone who’s proven to be trustworthy, they are going to be connected with other people who are also reliable.
For instance, if I find a credible attorney, I might ask him to recommend another professional, like an architect.
Josh: This goes both ways too. Get mixed up with the wrong company, and before you know it you could find yourself in a whole nest of crooks.
Park: There are also some other good resources out there that require less homework on your part. For instance, try Martindale.com when searching for an attorney. A good attorney is a key player in Latin American real estate transactions, so that isn’t the place to try to save a buck.
I’m not saying you have to go with the most expensive attorney in the country, but–even if you did–that’s a very small investment for the peace of mind it buys.
What’s the best litmus test for determining if someone can be trusted?
Josh: A good rule of thumb is to make sure you’re working with someone who shares your interests and will benefit when you do. Buying from a reputable property owner is a good place to start.
If you’re buying a piece of land in a project where the owner has a vested interest in the development, then what’s good for you is good for them. And vice versa. The last thing they need is an unsatisfied customer.
Park: A classic example of misalignment is the relationship between a buyer and the listing agent on a property. They hold all the answers to disseminate as they see fit. And they only get paid if you buy. After the transaction’s completed, they get to walk away without any further responsibility to you.
Just be aware of that.
Is it possible to over-think things when determining who you can trust?
Park: It is. One thing that helps me when starting business relationships is to ask myself, “Exactly what is it I’m trusting this person for?” If they’re selling me a piece of land, I have to trust that they own it and have the right to sell it to me. If they’re an escrow agent, I need to believe that they aren’t going to run off with my money.
It helps put things in perspective for me. When I’m choosing a surveyor, I don’t have to find someone I could trust to raise my first-born child. I just need a guy who knows how to put the dang stakes in the right spot.
Josh: On the flip side, don’t be too relaxed with this. Just know that you are responsible for your actions. Don’t let yourself think you can rely on other people or on the government to bail you out. At the end of the day, you’re on your own.
Greg Gilliam is an expat who started his odyssey by driving through Central America on a extended vacation. He found his paradise when he eventually arrived at Canoa Ecuador on the Pacific coast, where he became an expat.
What he has done since then is nothing short of amazing. Putting his architectural design skills to work, he began eventually creating his own hotel, The Canoa Beach Hotel. The following is interview with him over email.
Photo Credit: Greg Gilliam
1. Why did you leave the U.S.?
I left the states just on a brief vacation and quickly discovered that I knew relatively very little about Latin America and its cultures. I could not even think of going back when I came to the end of the road in Panama and I was so determined to continue with my discovery of Latin America, that I hopped on a sailboat and headed for Ecuador.
Not long after I arrived in Ecuador, I found myself designing and building some really cool stuff and best of all, I was unchecked by the appraisal/refinance monster that rides herd over creativity in the U.S. Housing market.
Here, in Ecuador, I found I had complete freedom in design and for the first time in my life I was, and still am, really excited about designing and building.
2. What were some of your favorite stops on the way down?
There were many places on the drive which were very special; one was Colima, Mexico. The people in Colima are by far some of the most hospitable I have ever found in my travels. They made it a great trip.
My brother and I were camped for a few weeks at an old airport turned into a dragstrip. We decided to have a little party for all the friends we had made while in Colima and invited everyone we could get in contact with and told them to come to the airport, where I thought we’d drink a few beers and eat a few snacks while we said our goodbyes.
Two hours passed and no one had shown up for our party and my brother and I were beginning to wonder what had went wrong, when suddenly our party guests arrived with what looked like the whole town in tow. I mean at least 100 people, all bringing food and drinks.
It took us another two more days to actually be able to leave Colima.
3. Where did you end up at the end of your drive?
Panama is another of the places with many nice people and a culture that has been created by the canal. Panamanians are easily some of the most resourceful people you will ever meet. I think they can tackle just about anything and everything.
In Panama City there is a very strong international culture, which lies only a few miles from a beautiful rural culture full of hardworking respectful people.
We were politely surprised once, when in gringo Spanish and really bad charades, hoping to get a band-aid, the guy behind the counter at a country tienda said in perfect English “You boys ain’t from around here are ya?” and then proceeded to wow us with tales of taxi driving in New York City and how this little store was what he wanted to do in his retirement.
Photo Credit: Canoa Beach Hotel
4. What are you doing now?
I became involved with a local architect, a great one, named Antonio Naranjo, who along with Enne Arquitectos have founded the green building council in Ecuador.
Once again, I am totally loving life. We just finished designing and building the Canoa Beach Hotel.
We are excited for the way it has become a haven of relaxation for my building clients, and as a popular spot for tourists. At Canoa Beach Hotel guests can experience firsthand my take on sustainable architecture. It is also a great springboard for our new project, , where we are building condominiums on the same beach, Senderos.
It is a novel project in design and functionality, while keeping the same organic randomness that I believe comforts us so much about nature.
Photo Credit: Greg Gilian
5. What advice can you give someone who wants to build a dream home in Ecuador or even Canoa Ecuador?
If you want to build a dream home in Ecuador, I highly recommend first finding your dream location, and there are plenty. But before you leap into that place, rent in the area you like, and make sure you are still enamored with it 3 months later.
There are many qualified architects and builders in Ecuador, but due diligence is key to your success, so call their references and look at their projects, especially the older ones.
Most importantly really collaborate with your architect and create something that is really you, this is your dream home, to me, building is all about making your personal statement. This is sorta how I roll.
I love Ecuador. For many reasons, but it is hard to pick just one. The Ecuadorian people are great, especially if you take time to learn the language and the culture, but don’t confine your experience to a few expat locations.
In Ecuador you certainly will never be bored, but and as anywhere in the world, there are stories of bad deals, crime, and any number of the negative behaviors that trouble every place on the planet, so be smart and respectful, and you just might find that Ecuador is a dream place to live.
The Costa Rica 3 Count, where we bring you 3 Costa Rica stories that you shouldn’t miss.
Photo Credit: Berny Mills
1. Border Crossing Mistakes (and Why They Make You Look Dumb)
Walking across a land border seems like you’re entering into a no-man’s-land of confusion. At an airport, VIPs enter and zoom through in blackened sedans, but when you walk across a frontier, especially in a developing country, you get a window into how ordinary people and traders travel. Such is the case when crossing on foot from Costa Rica to Nicaragua.
2. Costa Rica Hotels are King in Sustainability
Costa Rica is leading a growing trend of low-carbon to no-carbon footprint hotels. Currently there are 29 hotels labeled as “five leaves,” Costa Rica’s distinction of sustainability, which means these hotels ensure their operations are at a near zero environmental impact.
3. You Don’t Have to Give Up Your Golf Game When Moving to Costa Rica
If you want to become an expat in Central America, rejoice, you don’t give up your golf game when you move. Golf is blossoming in such far-flung, but expat-friendly, locations as Nicaragua, Honduras, and Costa Rica.
Photo: Viva Team
Buying property in Panama can be a cumbersome task. The good news is that, when dealing with experienced professionals you can trust, it doesn’t have to be.
While some investors and expats choose to learn all the ins and outs of the process, many see no need to reinvent the wheel when there are others who do this kind of thing every day and are much better equipped to navigate the system.
As that latter group has learned, buying property in Panama isn’t about what you know. It’s who you know. And it is absolutely essential to work with a team you can trust.
Step 1: Narrow Down Your Search.
Start looking for properties. Take into consideration the type of climate, community, and culture that you’re looking for. Whatever you’re into, Panama has an area that can accommodate your interests.
Once you’ve chosen your area, find a few listings that appeal to you and contact the seller, developer, or listing agent. You can start by emailing them to see if you get a response. If it’s a company who’s selling, research them online. Try to verify whether they’re legit.
Once you’ve weeded out any bogus or unreliable sources, contact the sellers of your top candidates by phone to feel them out a little more. Treat this more like an interview than just a cursory fact-finding mission. You want to make sure that everything they’re telling you about the property and the process corresponds with what you know to be true.
If there are any red flags that pop up in your dealings with the seller, walk away. Don’t waste your time and effort trying to work with someone who isn’t cooperative or trustworthy.
Step 2: Build Your Team.
Working with a team of reputable professionals is the key that can make or break your property-buying experience. However you’ll be relieved to know that, having successfully weeded out any questionable sellers, you’re well on your way to building a team you can trust to work in your best interests and get the job done.
Like-minded folks often tend to run in the same circles. So if your real estate agent is trustworthy, then you can usually trust others in his network. (Note that the opposite is also true. If a seller gives you reason to doubt him, run–don’t walk–away from the rest of his cronies as well.)
While you should certainly do your part to double check their reputation, it’s a good idea to ask the real estate agent or property developer for recommendations on attorneys, escrow companies, surveyors, or other professionals you’ll need. This can save you a wealth of time and energy when trying to select these professionals from thousands of miles away.
So it’s important in this stage to evaluate whoever you’re going to be working with. This means real estate agents, attorneys, sellers, etc.
Step 3: Come See for Yourself.
The final step before pulling the trigger is to take a trip to see the property (or properties, if you’re considering more than one) for yourself. Make arrangements to meet with the seller (or sellers), and see if you can go ahead and plan a meeting with the attorney you’ve selected to get the ball rolling.
Keep in mind that, depending on the seller or company you’re dealing with, you may be responsible for arranging for all your own travel, especially once you’re on the ground in Panama. And we all know nothing ever goes wrong when traveling internationally, right? Wrong.
Things happen. Flights get delayed. Cell phone service is spotty. Make sure those you’ll be meeting know how to reach you and that you know where to find them as well. Get their office number, cell phone number, home phone number, physical address, email address, and every other form of contact you can think of. And always have a back-up plan.
Once you’ve connected with everyone, sit back and relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Make sure to allow plenty of time to do everything you need to do. Depending on the remoteness of the properties you’re considering, you may be traveling by boat, or horseback, or even on foot. Don’t expect to be hopping in a car with a realtor and seeing eight or nine properties in an afternoon.
Step 4: Let Your Team Get to Work.
Once you’ve selected your property, this is where the right team will really start firing on all cylinders. Your attorney will start by drafting up a contract to buy and issuing a deposit to the seller. The contract will spell out all the contingencies that must be met.
The attorney will then research the title or rights, liens, and any other legal issues with the property. Hopefully you’ll find everything in order once your team has done their homework on the property.
If everything’s in the clear, your attorney will obtain a bill of sale and have the title transfer completed. After that it’s time to disburse the funds, which you’ll need to have wired to a Panamanian bank.
That’s it. It’s that simple. At least, it can be. By delegating responsibility to a few trusted individuals, the process of buying property in Panama can be virtually hassle-free on your part. In fact, if you’ve arranged everything properly with your attorney, you might not even have to show up for the closing.
Imagine that. You take a trip to Panama to look at a property you’re considering, and the next time you return…it’s yours.
Photo: EcoCircucitos
If you’re looking to make Panama your home, whether for a few years or a lifetime, there are a variety of visa options available to you. Panama is very friendly to foreigners and is continually opening its doors even wider to those who want to move there for practically any reason. We’ve compiled some more information about the various visa options, their requirements, and the process of obtaining them. However, because the country is making such large strides to become even more open to immigrants, the laws are frequently changing.
The good news is that the process is only getting easier. The bad news is that it can take some serious digging to find information that is current. If you’re serious about starting the process now, a reputable Panamanian lawyer with immigration experience can drastically cut down on the time and headaches associated with the process. In the meantime, check back often for updates on recent decrees and resolutions.
The Application Process
The requirements, timelines, and procedures vary greatly from one visa program to the next (yet another good reason to work with someone who’s familiar with them all). However, a few key points are central to the process as a whole. Documentation will be required to show proof of all requirements set forth by the specific visas. For instance, a letter from a bank will be required to verify solvency where needed, and a promise of work contract will be needed to show proof of employment.
These documents should all be clean and current and bear the proper authentication by an attorney or Apostille, which is similar to a notary public. All passports should be current with at least a year (or more) remaining before their expiration date.
For dependents, you will need to obtain current copies of marriage and birth certificates. A current police record from your country of residence is generally required. You will also need to be examined by a Panamanian doctor to receive a certificate stating that you are free of disease and in good mental and physical health.
While some steps in the process require you to be physically present, an attorney can handle many of the tasks with a signed Power of Attorney.
The Visa and Residency Options and Requirements
Tourist Pensioner Visa
One of the most popular and beneficial visas offered by the Panamanian government is the Tourist Pensioner Visa. Available to those who can show a minimum monthly income of $1,000 from a verifiable source, such as a pension, this visa has no expiration date. It is also exempt to any future changes in the law, so current holders are grandfathered in under the program.
Proof of income is required and has to be provided on a yearly basis to show that you are still receiving a pension. While this visa does not offer a path to citizenship, it does provide a number of benefits that are unmatched by any of Panama’s other visas, or those of any other country.
However, don’t worry about missing out if you enter the country by some other means. While these benefits are provided automatically to anyone on the Tourist Pensioner Visa, they are also available to anyone over the age of 60 (55 for women) and to others on a case-by-case basis. Here are some of the highlights:
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50% off entertainment (e.g. movies, theaters, sporting events, etc.)
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30-50% off hotels
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30% off public transportation (e.g. boats, buses, and trains)
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25% off airline tickets
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25% off utilities
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15-25% off restaurants
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15% off medical services (exclusive of procedures covered by insurance)
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Tax-free importation of household goods (up to $10,000)
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Tax-free importation or purchase of a new car every two years
Private Income Retiree Visa
For those who might have received a pension as a lump sum, the Private Income Retiree Visa is an excellent option. To qualify for this visa you’ll need to invest enough money in a 5-year certificate of deposit (CD) in the National Bank of Panama to generate $2,000 per month.
The visa is renewable every five years, provided that the CD is also renewed. Holders of this visa are granted a Panamanian passport, but no direct path to citizenship. Private income retirees can also import their household goods and a vehicle every two years with no taxes, just like tourist pensioners.
Photo: Rita Willart
Person of Means Visa
The Person of Means Visa requires a 3-year fixed-term deposit of at least $300,000 in a Panamanian bank. A mortgage-free real estate investment of the same amount (or a combination of the two) will also qualify you for this visa. Unlike the previous visas, this option can lead to permanent citizenship after one initial renewal, so long as your financial situation remains secure. It also offers the ability to become a Panamanian citizen if you choose.
Investor Visa
Panama is also friendly to those who wish to do business or invest in the country. With a $160,000 initial investment and the hiring of five full-time Panamanian employees, you can qualify for an Investor Visa. This visa is good for a period of two years.
While it can lead to permanent residency, it must first be renewed three times. Once they become permanent residents, holders of the Investor Visa can also apply for Panamanian nationality.
This is an older visa and for most people there are better options.
Permanent Residency for Nationals of Countries Friendly to Panama
One of the most recent additions to Panama’s residency options, and the one with the longest name, is the Permanent Residency for Nationals of Countries Friendly to Panama option.
With requirements that are much more attainable than many of the other visa options, this program offers immediate residency.
In addition to skipping all the steps of obtaining (and renewing) a visa, it offers another benefit that many of the others lack: It gives you the option to work. Born out of an acute need for skilled labor, due to the country’s huge economic boom, this program requires a mere $5,000 deposit in a Panamanian bank (plus $2,000 for each dependent). In addition applicants must show proof of one of the following:
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Investment in Panamanian real estate
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Ownership in a Panamanian corporation
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Employment by a Panamanian business
This program, introduced in the form of Decree 343, is offered to residents of 47 countries that have been identified as being “friendly” to Panama and is available to you, your spouse, children under 18 (or between the ages of 18 and 25 if they’re students), and children of any age with disabilities.
No renewals are needed since this program grants immediate residency, and those who take advantage of this option are also able to apply for citizenship.
Given the simplicity of opening a Panama Corporation or investment in Panama real estate, this visa has become one of the most popular.
Accelerated Permanent Residency for Professionals
Another piece of legislation that’s hot off the presses is Decree 229, which changes the amount of time a person must work in Panama before becoming a permanent resident. Historically, those in Panama on a work permit could apply for permanent residency after a period of seven years.
The recent bill, which applies to those working in a professional capacity, reduces it to two. The decree applies not only to those who will seek employment in Panama in the future, but to those already working there as well.
Forestry Investor Visa
Designed to promote the production and preservation of teak, the Forestry Investor Visa offers both a small and large option. Small forestry investors will need a $60,000 minimum investment.
This visa is only temporary and must be renewed every year for six years. On the seventh renewal, you can apply for permanent residency.
The Large Forestry Investor Visa, which requires an $80,000 investment, is good for two years initially. After that period of time, you can apply for permanent residency. Five years after obtaining residency, you can also apply for citizenship.
Other Visas
Keep in mind that, while these visa and residency options are the most common, this list isn’t exhaustive. There are other solutions available for individuals such as agriculture investors, those doing business in tax-free zones, temporary workers, and more. If you want to call this Central American destination your home, there is almost certainly a way to make that happen.
If you’re hoping to retire to a beach haven overseas, may we suggest Panama? The Latin American country has a great deal of culture to offer, as well as beautiful scenery and fabulous weather. And the Panama beaches are an important part of the package.
Panama has many draws as an overseas retirement location, including vibrant communities, great quality inexpensive housing, and the beaches are some of the best. In fact, one of the best things about the country is that it has beaches leading onto two oceans: the Pacific and the Caribbean. In fact, Panama has over 1,500 miles of coastline!
Panama Beaches
In the past, Panama’s beaches have often been overlooked. Many of them are very rural and remote, and they haven’t typically been popular tourist destinations. However, there are some absolutely gorgeous areas of coastline in the country, and we don’t think that you should overlook them.
If you’re thinking about visiting or retiring to Panama, take a look at these top five beach areas in the country.
Coronado
Coronado Panama
Set only an hour away from Panama City, Coronado is a beach town that is well-loved by expats and Panamanians alike. The beaches themselves are an impressive site to behold. The beaches in this area have fantastic black and white sand, and are great fun to visit.
Away from the beach, the town of Coronado also has a range of leisure facilities including bars, restaurants, shops and a plaza area. This is a very popular area, and has a great expat community. This area is very different from the rest of the beach areas on the list: purely because of how developed it is. Coronado is the destination for you if you want to be able to shop in an American-style grocery store and meet up with friends for a nearby round of golf.
Boca Chica
Photo by Boca Chica Island
The Boca Chica area is wonderful if you’re looking for a rural, romantic spot to spend time with a loved one. The landscape here is made up of hills, valleys, and banana plantations. It also has a perfectly tropical climate. In the past, this was a very remote area, but it is fast becoming the next up and coming spot. The new airport in nearby David will soon be accommodating direct flights to the United States and Canada, which will make traveling here very easy.
The beaches in Boca Chica benefit from fine sand, dark beautiful water, and a quiet, peaceful atmosphere. Factor in the Chiriqui Marine Park, and the coast at Boca Chica is very attractive.
Bocas Del Toro
Bocas Del Toro is an area that’s made up of six islands, along with a number of uninhabited islets. It’s a beautiful part of the country, and is described by Conde Nast as “the Caribbean that time forgot.”
This area is popular with tourists and expats for many reasons. It has a great community, and is also home to some of the most typically beautiful beaches in the whole of Panama.
Here, you can expect to see flawless white sandy beaches and clear, turquoise water. Because of this, the beaches in this area are particularly popular snorkelling destinations.
Santa Catalina
The Lonely Planet has reported that Santa Catalina has the potential to be the next great Central American beach destination.
This laid-back town is mainly populated by laid-back Panamanian fishermen, but it does have a huge draw for tourists and expats alike: great surf! The beaches of Santa Catalina offer incredible surfing opportunities. Because of this, the town is growing, and is developing more and more facilities for expats.
Because of the relaxed atmosphere of the town, it also has a growing reputation for having a healthy attitude. There’s a real focus in the town on healthy food, as well as yoga. Santa Catalina is one of the few places in Panama with this sort of vibe.
Pedasi
Pedasi is a small town set in the outback of Panama. It’s a relaxed, low-key place with a rich history of folklore. If you visit the town, you can expect to be greeted by friendly residents, great food, and maybe even a beach party or two. There’s also something a little out of the ordinary waiting for you at Pedasi. In this area, some of the beaches feature beautiful lava covered sand.
But it’s not all quiet here. There are also a great deal of sports opportunities to choose from. Whether you’re into surfing, scuba diving, sports fishing, or horseback riding, you’ll find something to enjoy in the area.
The one downside of Pedasi is that property prices are quite high here compared to other rural areas with limited services.
Is One of these Panama Beach Areas Right for You?
Panama is a beautiful country that offers a lot more value for money than other more typical holiday or retirement destinations. It’s an inexpensive place to live, and this is true even in some of the more popular coastal areas.
If you’re looking for the ideal beach destination, to visit or even to retire to, one of these five areas might be the one for you.
The process of buying property in Panama isn’t always a straightforward one, but–with the right help–it may be a lot easier than you think. We’ve outlined the process from start to finish and defined some of the key terms, to help make relocating to your dream destination a little bit easier.
Photo: Chuck Holton
Before You Start Shopping for Panama Property
- Take your time. Panama is a buyer’s market. There are plenty of properties available, ranging from planned communities in quaint villages to undeveloped land in remote locations. Don’t feel pressured to make a hasty decision.
- Do your homework. Get to know the country. Start virtually, and then come explore the surroundings for yourself. Narrow down exactly which part of this Central American paradise you’d like to call home. Panama offers mountains, beaches, and city living. And depending on where you go, you might even find several of those in close proximity to one another. Also consider how close you’d like to be to major cities, airports, and the best healthcare. Make sure you spend plenty of time in the area to which you plan to relocate. See what it’s like in the different seasons. Picture yourself living there. Get to know some natives and local expats. Find the places you’ll eat and shop. Figure out how you’re going to spend your time in your new environment and what activities the area has to offer.
- Understand the different types of property. Panama has both titled and untitled property that can be yours to inhabit. However, they’re treated quite differently.
- Titled property works just as you’d think. It belongs to you. The title gets transferred to your name and recorded in the Registro Publico, or public registry.
- Rights of Possession (ROP) property is different. The Panamanian government owns title to the land, but you have the right to use the property any way you’d like…just as if it were your own. That is, all except for one important factor: You don’t have to pay property taxes. A full understanding of ROP property requires a little background knowledge of how the concept came to be. It is essentially the original model of real estate, where land rights were granted by the king in exchange for a fealty, or tax. The king protected your rights to the land as long as you remained in good standing. (Think U.S. property taxes.) Some estimates indicate that as much as 90% of land outside of Panama City is untitled, so it isn’t nearly as uncommon as you might think. So don’t let ROP property scare you. ROP land definitely has its risks, but the key is to resolve any issues on the front end by doing your due diligence before you buy. The right team of real estate and legal experts can do all the necessary homework on a property you’re considering, or in some cases they may already have. Let me reiterate that part about choosing the right team. Make sure you go with someone who has experience evaluating Rights of Possession properties in Panama and has a proven track record of success in this area. When done correctly, ROP property can be an excellent investment.
- A Note about Squatters: Both ROP and titled land that is unoccupied can sometimes be inhabited by squatters. After a certain number of years, squatters can actually be granted rights to the property. As a precaution when buying either type of land, it’s important to first check it carefully for signs that someone might be squatting on the property. Go spend some time there. And once you own the land or the rights, the laws are very clear on what measures you can take to prevent squatters from setting up on it.
- Learn the implications of the different types of property for visa requirements, tax exemption, and loan qualification. Because the two types differ it’s important to make sure you’re shopping for the right one. For instance, tax exemption is an excellent perk of buying ROP land. However, because you don’t hold the title, you can’t use it for collateral or a qualifying investment for a residency visa. While property taxes often do apply for titled property, there are some tourist areas where tax exemption applies, even for income earned on rental property. Buying property in the name of a corporation created and controlled by you is another good option to provide strong asset protection and better control over taxes. Setting up a corporation in Panama is a fairly simple and inexpensive process. An attorney can help you with the paperwork and requirements.
- A Note about Financing: While financing can be difficult to obtain in Panama, it is possible. Panamanian banks will offer mortgages to foreigners. However, it is necessary to first build credit in Panama. Seller financing is often a good option, but it’s important to buy only from a credible seller and have all contracts carefully reviewed by an attorney.
Building Your Team
- Find a real estate professional you can trust. The real estate climate in Panama is very different than in countries like the U.S. There are few regulations governing real estate practices. Many agents are unlicensed. There’s no multiple listing service (MLS) and little cooperation between agents. Even commissions vary greatly, ranging from 3 to 10%. Overall, there’s simply no fiduciary duty imposed on Panamanian realtors to protect your interests. So keep in mind that they only make money if they sell you a property, take everything they say with a grain of salt. The best advice we can give is to do your due diligence and make sure you choose a real estate professional who is reputable, someone who understands your goals and will work with your best interest in mind. Run a search on them to see if their name turns up any negative information. Feel free to contact us if you need a recommendation.
- Decide if you need to hire an attorney. Given the intricacies and potential complications of a Panamian real estate transaction (as well as the fact that all the paperwork is in Spanish), it’s probably a good idea to have an attorney to assist you along the way. Just like with any other professional, spend the time to research and find someone reputable. Make sure to spell out what you’d like for them to do. They can assist with the title search, researching rights on ROP properties, registering the title once the property is yours, obtaining English translations of all documents, and interpreting both translations for accuracy. It’s always a good idea to get a quote up front for their services, and it can never hurt to get multiple opinions.
- If needed, find a bank or private escrow company to handle the actual monetary transaction. Due to the potential for corruption and the difficulty of defending yourself in the legal system if a situation were to arise, you should generally avoid giving money directly to the seller or real estate agent. Like many aspects of real estate transactions in Panama, it all ultimately depends on the reputation of the entities with which you’re conducting business. If there is a need for concern, your attorney should be able to handle the disbursement of funds. However, some aren’t willing to do so. In such cases, a bank or private escrow company, can take care of it for you. The wire transfer from a U.S. bank is simple, since there’s no currency exchange, and generally takes around three days to be credited on the Panama side. You can then authorize them to issue the funds, in the form of a certified check, once all obligations have been met.
The Buying Process
- Step 1: Deposit and Contract. Congratulations! You’ve found your tropical paradise to call home. The first step is to sign a contract for purchase, often called a promise contract, and pay a deposit. The contract spells out all the terms and contingencies, the agreed upon purchase price, the deposit amount paid, and the time frame for closing. The deposit is non-refundable, except in a case where certain contingencies aren’t met. The contract itself is binding and enforceable in court.
- Step 2: Title Research. This step will likely be the longest and most complicated in the buying process. Request the title (or government issued Verification Certificate for ROP land) from the seller. It should include the name of the owner and a description of the property. The seller should also provide a map of the property. Consider having a survey completed, particularly if one hasn’t been done before. A survey would verify the exact boundaries of the property, which even the seller himself might not be completely sure of. While Rights of Possession properties obviously require a lot more research to verify that the seller does indeed possess the rights to the land, it’s important to note that research on a titled property is every bit as important. Make sure there’s a clear title, with no liens or other legal issues, before you buy.
- Step 3: Bill of Sale. Obtain the proper form and complete a bill of sale, which shows the name of the buyer, the seller, and the price paid for the property. This document is given to the Notary Public who finalizes the sale and is also used for determining the value of the property for income tax purposes.
- Step 4: Title Transfer. This portion of the transaction is handled by a Notary Public, who holds much greater power than those in the U.S. In Panama, a Notary Public is a high-ranking official who handles all legal aspects of a transfer of land or land rights, among other responsibilities. They will create create a new title, or certificate, which is then approved by the Chief Notary.
- Step 5: Transfer of Funds. Once all of the previous steps have been completed (and not before!), the final step to property ownership in Panama is the actual handing over of the money. The bank or escrow company you’ve chosen will issue a certified check to the seller, as well as separate checks for commissions or other service charges.
- Step 6: National Registry. Once the purchase of titled property has been completed, the title can then be recorded in the public registry. This final step makes it official! You now own your very own piece of paradise with nothing left to do but enjoy the fruits of your labor.
- A Note on the Buying Process: When working with many firms, the steps above may be transparent to you. A company skilled in real estate transactions will often handle many of the above aspects and include the fees in your closing costs, saving you a lot of time and energy.
Tips for Buyers
- Stay out of court. Panamanian courts can be very unfriendly to foreigners and often even corrupt. This is the main reason it’s so important to do your due diligence on the front end.
- Understand the special nature of beachfront property. All Panama beaches are public access. This means the public owns the first 20 meters from the high tide mark.If you buy beachfront property and plan to build a structure that extends into the water (e.g. a pier or even an entire home on stilts above the water), you’ll need to obtain a concession to do so. This process can take years, and no building permits can be obtained until this step is completed. When buying property that already has such structures, make sure that the seller can prove that the proper concessions were granted. (Note that this limitation only applies to the area in and immediately adjacent to the water. The rest of the land is yours to do as you see fit.)
- Avoid gimmicks. Steer clear of anything that sounds fishy or too good to be true. Remember what we said about realtors and the things they tell you. Investigate any and all unusual-sounding deals carefully.
- Use caution when buying in a planned community. Carefully review the development’s CCR’s, or covenants, conditions, and restrictions. Walk away if a builder says they haven’t been written yet. Believe only what’s spelled out in the document, not verbal promises made by the developer.
- A project is only as good as its developer. Because Panama is a thriving retirement hotspot, it is unfortunately riddled with amateur developers trying to make a buck by selling you grandiose dreams of the future. They may try to convince you to get in now in the early stages, with assurances that they’ll later build roads, shopping centers, and restaurants. Make sure they have a proven track record, as there’s always a chance these structures may not get built. If a grocery store right around the corner is a must-have for you, go with a property that already has one.
What other strategies do you use for buying property in Panama?
The Ecuador 3 Count, where we bring you 3 Ecuador stories that you shouldn’t miss.
Photo Credit: Rinaldo Wurglitsch
1. Why Are You Waiting? 4 Fantastic Reasons Why Now Is the Time to Invest
First Up: Not so long ago, you would have been nuts to invest in Ecuador. Socialistic leader Rafael Correa has just secured another 4 year term and vows to keep at his “citizen revolution”, which so far, is unfavorable for Western investors. Foreign direct investment now stands at less than 1% of GDP – but there are reasons to consider Ecuador for investment. We’ve listed the top 4 reasons to take the leap and invest in Ecuador.
2. Why Haven’t You Checked Out Cotacachi?
Next Up: One reason for Ecuador’s popularity with the retired gringo set is the climate. Many move to Cuenca and Quito, but there are also the spectacular Ecuadorean Andes. As expat Susan Haskens found, not only is Ecuador budget-friendly, it also comes with spectacular views.
3. Here’s Why Alice Traded in Cleveland for Cuenca
When Alice Goers decided to retire she know it would be beyond Cleveland, Ohio. Moving overseas was something else entirely, an idea that, when she began planning for her retirement, didn’t even occur. Alice made a list of all the things that were important to her in retirement, and then she began researching everything she could on the idea of retiring to a new country where she might find those things. She found it all in Cuenca, Ecuador.
Panama has long been an attractive destination for expats of all ages, with its favorable residency requirements and unmatched retiree benefits. But if you were thinking you had a few more years to slave away in a cubicle and a few more dollars to save before you could make your move to this Central American haven…
Think again.
In a recent executive decree, Panama’s President Ricardo Martinelli signed into effect a new visa option for those who want to escape the ever-tightening choke hold of the American government, but aren’t quite yet able to get by on their current retirement savings… Retiring to Panama Just Got Easier!
What’s different about Panama’s new visa?
The new visa, called the Immediate Permanent Residency visa, gives instant residency status to those who wish to engage in professional and economic activities, start a business, or get a job in Panama. This is in contrast to options such as the pensioner’s visa that explicitly prevents retirees from taking jobs away from Panamanians.Also different are the solvency requirements. Instead of an investment of anywhere from $60,000-$300,000, the new visa requires a mere $5,000 in a Panamanian bank account. Another benefit is the option of obtaining citizenship after five years in the country, something that isn’t offered at all by many of the other visas.These are all perks that can benefit retirees as well. It gives them the opportunity to work if they want (or if they can’t afford not to), and it basically serves as a fast pass that sends them directly to the head of what was once a long line of steps toward immigration.
What prompted the President’s decree?
Over the years Panama’s government has implemented a number of incentives that have made the country an extremely attractive place to do business. As a result, its economy has been growing at a tremendous rate, experiencing a whopping 10.6% increase in 2011 alone. This, coupled with an unemployment rate of only 4.5%, has led to a shortage of educated, trained, English-speaking workers.
The government recognizes that the long-term solution is, of course, education. They have already begun to pour millions into the country’s education system. But for the meantime the best way to find qualified labor is to import it. They’re looking specifically for “workers in growth sectors such as logistics, tourism, banking, and those making Panama a regional hub for multinational companies,” explained Minister of the Presidency Demetrio Papadimitriu.
What would it be like to work or own a business in Panama?
Panama’s business community is heavily English-speaking, recognizes the U.S. dollar as its official currency (alongside the balboa), and bears an awful lot of other similarities to the States. Well, on the surface at least. Panama’s laws are much more favorable to investors and businesses. There are fewer restrictions on banks and corporations and much greater financial privacy. The country is home to several large duty-free zones, and personal taxes are reasonable as well, with none levied on income earned outside of the country.
Who qualifies for the new visa?
The new visa is available to those who hold a passport from one of 47 specific countries (currently, as the number has increased several times since the initial decree) “that maintain friendly, professional, economic, and investment relationships with the Republic of Panama,” including the U.S. and Canada. A full list is included below. Also eligible are applicants’ dependent spouses, children under 18 (or between 18 and 25 if they’re students), dependent parents, and family members with disabilities.
In order to qualify, applicants need $5,000 in a Panamanian bank (plus $2,000 for each dependent) and one of the following: evidence of investment in Panamanian real estate, proof of ownership in a Panamanian business or corporation, or a letter and contract of employment from Panamanian company. Throw in a clean police record and a passport, and you’re well on your way to personal and financial freedom.
What are the first steps towards obtaining immediate residency?
Because the employment requirements must be met before the application can be completed, you should probably start there. You’ll need a work permit, which is issued by the Ministry of Labor. The next step is finding a job or setting up a corporation, which is not a very difficult or expensive process in Panama. However, since several government entities are involved and the paperwork is all in Spanish, it wouldn’t be a bad idea to hire a competent attorney to assist you with the whole process.
What are the “specific countries” that are recognized by the decree?
Alphabetically, the 47 countries are Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay.
Guatemala 3 Count, where we bring you 3 stories that you shouldn’t miss.
San Lucas, Guatemala tranquil yet growing quickly.
1. This Booming Location in Guatemala Might Surprise You
First up: San Lucas, Guatemala is booming, despite being one of the smallest municipalities in the nation. With a record number of housing developments fueled by its ideal weather conditions, abundant water, and situated on the Inter-American highway it has quickly grown into an attractive location not to just live, but also start a business.
2. Get Beyond Guatemala City (2 Secret Places Expats Should See)
Next up: Guatemala City is a chaotic home to 3.2 million people, and with a high crime rate, this is not a place that lures tourists. Instead head outside the city and go for the mountain highland town of Chichicastenango and the Mayan ruins of Tikal, the country’s best-known former Maya city.
3. How Guatemala is Carving Out a Utopia Lifestyle
Finally: The main street of Paseo Cayala, a nearly independent city on the edges of Guatemala City is a new start for a nation riddled by violence and crime. In this area the backers of Cayala hope to build Guatemala’s private city, targeting elites looking to escape crime and enjoy an unusual degree of autonomy from the chaotic capital.
Cuenca, Ecuador photo by Jonathan Hood
When considering relocating to Latin America, many would-be expats quickly narrow their search down to the countries of Ecuador and Panama. And why wouldn’t they?
Ecuador has topped out International Living’s list of best places to retire for five years running, with Panama always following closely in the second or third spot. This list is based on an index of different factors such as climate, cost of living, culture, and many more. However, much of this criteria is highly subjective. The hot, humid climate you enjoy could be someone else’s idea of misery. Likewise the Burger King on the corner might be a welcome sight to some, but for you it might evoke the very feelings that prompted you to leave behind the cookie-cutter culture of the States.We’ve outlined some of the major differences between the two countries below, but don’t take our word for it. The best decision-making tool is your own observation. Plan a trip, and check things out for yourself.
Cost of Living
In this category, the advantage goes to Ecuador. In most parts of the country, you can easily get by on about $1,200 per month, including rent. This number gets even lower the further you venture into the rural areas where monthly rent can run as low as $150 per month. Combine that with an average cost of $1.90 for a four course meal, $1.50 for a gallon of gas, and the help of a domestic servant for a mere $10 a day. While it is possible to get by on the same $1,200 in Panama, it would be with a standard of living that more closely resembled that of the locals.
Real Estate
While Ecuador wins this one for its low cost homes, Panama may have a slight edge when it comes to the ease of the entire process. New homes in Ecuador are well below the $100/square foot price. That’s half the price of comparable homes in Panama, although the construction is different. Homes in Ecuador are built of cement and red clay.
The home buying process is easier in Panama, where international banks are quick to offer financing to foreign residents. Closing costs are twice as high in Panama (around 6%). However, property owners in Panama may be exempt from property taxes for a number of years if the home is their only residence.
Transportation
The infrastructure of Panama closely resembles that of the U.S., and its roads are much more well-maintained. Other than that, there’s little difference between the two countries. Ecuador offers several options for public transit, including buses and taxis, that average around $1 per hour. However, they may not be the safest options (See Safety below.) Panama offers similar modes of transportation for a slightly higher premium. Both countries offer convenient direct flights to several U.S. hubs from a few key cities.
Health Care
While health care in both countries is better than you’d expect, the quality may be slightly higher in Panama, particularly in David and Panama City. Panama boasts many private hospitals with English-trained and English-speaking doctors. In both countries the cost is lower than U.S. health care, up to 90% lower in Ecuador where doctors will even make house calls for less than $25. Both countries also offer a variety of health insurance options for foreigners.
Familiarity
Now here’s where personal preference really plays a big factor. While we can’t say which countries earns the most points in this category, we can tell you which one most closely resembles the culture of the U.S. It’s Panama. With a much larger and more established expat community, Panama will initially feel the most like home. It’s up to you to decide whether that’s the atmosphere you’re seeking.
Both countries use the U.S. dollar, so there’s little risks associated with currency exchange. English is widely spoken in both, although in Ecuador it’s largely confined to touristy locations and international business areas. Both are also home to many U.S.-based restaurant chains and other franchises. Modern conveniences are found in both, although internet service is reportedly much better in Panama. It’s true in both countries that communication is more accessible the closer you are to the larger cities.
Boquete, Panama photo by Ken Mayer
Climate
While this factor also depends greatly on your own personal taste, most will probably prefer Ecuador for its more temperate and varied climate. Panama is mostly hot and humid everywhere with large amounts of rainfall, particularly in May through December, although it’s slightly lower on the Pacific coast than the Caribbean side. The only real difference in the country’s climate is in the higher elevations where the temperatures and rainfall both decrease. Some areas may see temps in the 50’s versus the 84 degree average near the coast.
Ecuador experiences a more diverse climate across its four main regions. The mountainous Andean Sierra boasts average temperatures of 75 degrees by day and around 60 at night. With a lot of sunshine, 12-hour days, and relatively low humidity, its climate is considered by most to be nearly perfect. Ecuador’s coastal region and the Amazon rain forest more closely resemble the climate of Panama: hot and humid all year with temps ranging from 80 to 95 degrees and year-round rain. The Galapagos Islands have much milder temperatures and less rainfall.
Culture
While Ecuador and Panama both have plenty of cultural attractions, the edge here goes to Ecuador. While both countries boast many activities and forms of entertainment, those in Ecuador are often more authentic and less Americanized. With over 28 indigenous groups speaking more than 10 languages, evidence of the country’s heritage fills the marketplaces and festivals that abound in the South American nation. Panama is also a culturally rich country, but often in the form of museums and shopping districts.
Residency and Retirement Benefits
Panama wins this one, hands down. Requirements for a pensioner’s visa are similar between the two ($1000 per month income in Panama versus $800 in Ecuador). However Ecuador offers very few incentives for retirees. Panama, on the other hand, boasts a long list of discounts for those who qualify for its pensioners program. This includes savings of between 10 to 50 percent on virtually every category of goods and services including utilities, closing costs, entertainment, travel, and even health care. In addition, retirees can import up to $10,000 in household goods duty-free, as well as a personal vehicle every two years. And retirement in Panama has never been easier. Recent legislation has expanded its residency program to include individuals who may seek employment upon relocation, at least for citizens of the 47 “Specific Countries” on its list. This change was implemented to counteract the current labor shortage in the country.
Investment Potential
Buying property in both Panama and Ecuador can be a good investment. Since Ecuador generally offers more affordable options, its homes often have more potential for appreciation. However, even more advantageous than buying a home is the opportunity to invest in land in some of the more remote areas where expats are only just beginning to develop an interest. For those savvy enough to get in during the early stages, there’s much money to be made once development begins.
Investing in land won’t get you quite as far in Panama. Since expat communities there are more established, the lots are more expensive. You’d best build if you want to turn a profit. Panama does, however, have a much better rental market than Ecuador and more property management companies to provide assistance. Properties in Panama consistently experience higher occupancy and rent for a high premium.
Safety
While both countries have areas that are safer than others, Panama is definitely the safest overall. In fact it’s one of the safest in Central America, experiencing less violent crimes in a year than New York City does in a day. The country also saw the addition of the Tourism Police Force in 1992, which was specifically established to assist tourists in Panama City. Conversely, Ecuador is plagued with a murder rate of 19 people per every 100,000, four times that of the U.S. Even more alarming is the fact that much of the country’s violent crime occurs in areas heavily populated by tourists. Public transportation, especially taxis, are prime targets for criminals. It’s recommended that all taxis be radio-dispatched. Don’t just hail one on the street.
Schools
Panama wins again, with free public education that is a requirement for children ages 6 through 15. Investments are currently being made into the education system, to increase the number of educated adults in the workforce due to the labor shortage mentioned previously. Several good private schools also exist, many of which are bilingual. By stark contrast, Ecuador’s education system is in the bottom 50 world-wide. While it does have some private school options, most aren’t truly bilingual, only teaching English as a second language.
Things to Do
There is no shortage of activities in either Panama or Ecuador, and we would be hard-pressed to award this category to one country over the other. Both have options for exploring nature, such as whale or bird watching. There are also plenty of opportunities for adventure, like hiking or rafting. No matter what you’re into, you’re sure to find a place to enjoy your favorite hobby or perhaps develop a new one.
Costa Rica. There are very few countries that Wikipedia seems to have as much of a crush on. To sum up Costa Rica, Wiki talks about Costa Rica’s abolished army, that she’s on the list of 22 older world democracies, has a high human development rate and is ranked five in the world (first of all Americas) in terms of the 2012 Environmental Performance Index.
Wiki is head-over-heels, it seems.
Through all that flattery, there’re facts. Statistics. Awards. Let’s analyze the truth of what the search engine’s saying by looking to the latter of Costa Rica’s attributes today: to their environmental sustainability.
What Costa Rica Was Then (pre-2008)
Before the economic crisis in 2008, coastal urban development was booming. Urban property was valuable and life was good.
Then the crisis.
Property dropped up to 40% overnight.
What Costa Rica Is Now
Now, it isn’t the urban property that’s valuable as much as the rural. And no, I don’t mean for you to dust off your dungarees and become a coffee farmer (because this market also got hit by the recession; I hate to tell you, put those denims back in the attic!) but to notice the ecological value that has gone up instead.
Costa Ricans have been interacting with the land, and by doing so have increased its ecological value. Be it through reforestation, where value is given by the oxygen production and purification of carbon dioxide emissions, or the potential of wind farms in Guanacaste, these attitudes have changed the face of Costa Rica.
Photo: MD Verde
It is now the place where farmers voluntarily subject to environmental restrictions. It’s the place where the natural wealth in the ground is valuable, not just what you can build on it.
Having lived in places where by the end of the day you can see a cloud of smog looming over the city, this attitude is a literal breath of fresh air.
The best part about this all, of course, is that property prices are rock bottom for top notch locations. According to InternationalLiving.com’s Global Real Estate Index 2012 – which highlights the world’s 27 most attractive, and possibly lucrative, real estate hotspots outside the U.S. – Ecuador’s Pacific Coast came out tops. And that was just for its extremely low property costs and good quality housing stock.
Natural beauty, natural sustainability, at a great cost.
What’s stopping you?