If you’re looking to make Panama your home, whether for a few years or a lifetime, there are a variety of visa options available to you. Panama is very friendly to foreigners and is continually opening its doors even wider to those who want to move there for practically any reason. We’ve compiled some more information about the various visa options, their requirements, and the process of obtaining them. However, because the country is making such large strides to become even more open to immigrants, the laws are frequently changing.
The good news is that the process is only getting easier. The bad news is that it can take some serious digging to find information that is current. If you’re serious about starting the process now, a reputable Panamanian lawyer with immigration experience can drastically cut down on the time and headaches associated with the process. In the meantime, check back often for updates on recent decrees and resolutions.
The Application Process
The requirements, timelines, and procedures vary greatly from one visa program to the next (yet another good reason to work with someone who’s familiar with them all). However, a few key points are central to the process as a whole. Documentation will be required to show proof of all requirements set forth by the specific visas. For instance, a letter from a bank will be required to verify solvency where needed, and a promise of work contract will be needed to show proof of employment.
These documents should all be clean and current and bear the proper authentication by an attorney or Apostille, which is similar to a notary public. All passports should be current with at least a year (or more) remaining before their expiration date.
For dependents, you will need to obtain current copies of marriage and birth certificates. A current police record from your country of residence is generally required. You will also need to be examined by a Panamanian doctor to receive a certificate stating that you are free of disease and in good mental and physical health.
While some steps in the process require you to be physically present, an attorney can handle many of the tasks with a signed Power of Attorney.
The Visa and Residency Options and Requirements
Tourist Pensioner Visa
One of the most popular and beneficial visas offered by the Panamanian government is the Tourist Pensioner Visa. Available to those who can show a minimum monthly income of $1,000 from a verifiable source, such as a pension, this visa has no expiration date. It is also exempt to any future changes in the law, so current holders are grandfathered in under the program.
Proof of income is required and has to be provided on a yearly basis to show that you are still receiving a pension. While this visa does not offer a path to citizenship, it does provide a number of benefits that are unmatched by any of Panama’s other visas, or those of any other country.
However, don’t worry about missing out if you enter the country by some other means. While these benefits are provided automatically to anyone on the Tourist Pensioner Visa, they are also available to anyone over the age of 60 (55 for women) and to others on a case-by-case basis. Here are some of the highlights:
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50% off entertainment (e.g. movies, theaters, sporting events, etc.)
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30-50% off hotels
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30% off public transportation (e.g. boats, buses, and trains)
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25% off airline tickets
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25% off utilities
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15-25% off restaurants
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15% off medical services (exclusive of procedures covered by insurance)
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Tax-free importation of household goods (up to $10,000)
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Tax-free importation or purchase of a new car every two years
Private Income Retiree Visa
For those who might have received a pension as a lump sum, the Private Income Retiree Visa is an excellent option. To qualify for this visa you’ll need to invest enough money in a 5-year certificate of deposit (CD) in the National Bank of Panama to generate $2,000 per month.
The visa is renewable every five years, provided that the CD is also renewed. Holders of this visa are granted a Panamanian passport, but no direct path to citizenship. Private income retirees can also import their household goods and a vehicle every two years with no taxes, just like tourist pensioners.
Person of Means Visa
The Person of Means Visa requires a 3-year fixed-term deposit of at least $300,000 in a Panamanian bank. A mortgage-free real estate investment of the same amount (or a combination of the two) will also qualify you for this visa. Unlike the previous visas, this option can lead to permanent citizenship after one initial renewal, so long as your financial situation remains secure. It also offers the ability to become a Panamanian citizen if you choose.
Investor Visa
Panama is also friendly to those who wish to do business or invest in the country. With a $160,000 initial investment and the hiring of five full-time Panamanian employees, you can qualify for an Investor Visa. This visa is good for a period of two years.
While it can lead to permanent residency, it must first be renewed three times. Once they become permanent residents, holders of the Investor Visa can also apply for Panamanian nationality.
This is an older visa and for most people there are better options.
Permanent Residency for Nationals of Countries Friendly to Panama
One of the most recent additions to Panama’s residency options, and the one with the longest name, is the Permanent Residency for Nationals of Countries Friendly to Panama option.
With requirements that are much more attainable than many of the other visa options, this program offers immediate residency.
In addition to skipping all the steps of obtaining (and renewing) a visa, it offers another benefit that many of the others lack: It gives you the option to work. Born out of an acute need for skilled labor, due to the country’s huge economic boom, this program requires a mere $5,000 deposit in a Panamanian bank (plus $2,000 for each dependent). In addition applicants must show proof of one of the following:
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Investment in Panamanian real estate
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Ownership in a Panamanian corporation
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Employment by a Panamanian business
This program, introduced in the form of Decree 343, is offered to residents of 47 countries that have been identified as being “friendly” to Panama and is available to you, your spouse, children under 18 (or between the ages of 18 and 25 if they’re students), and children of any age with disabilities.
No renewals are needed since this program grants immediate residency, and those who take advantage of this option are also able to apply for citizenship.
Given the simplicity of opening a Panama Corporation or investment in Panama real estate, this visa has become one of the most popular.
Accelerated Permanent Residency for Professionals
Another piece of legislation that’s hot off the presses is Decree 229, which changes the amount of time a person must work in Panama before becoming a permanent resident. Historically, those in Panama on a work permit could apply for permanent residency after a period of seven years.
The recent bill, which applies to those working in a professional capacity, reduces it to two. The decree applies not only to those who will seek employment in Panama in the future, but to those already working there as well.
Forestry Investor Visa
Designed to promote the production and preservation of teak, the Forestry Investor Visa offers both a small and large option. Small forestry investors will need a $60,000 minimum investment.
This visa is only temporary and must be renewed every year for six years. On the seventh renewal, you can apply for permanent residency.
The Large Forestry Investor Visa, which requires an $80,000 investment, is good for two years initially. After that period of time, you can apply for permanent residency. Five years after obtaining residency, you can also apply for citizenship.
Other Visas
Keep in mind that, while these visa and residency options are the most common, this list isn’t exhaustive. There are other solutions available for individuals such as agriculture investors, those doing business in tax-free zones, temporary workers, and more. If you want to call this Central American destination your home, there is almost certainly a way to make that happen.
With the fastest growing economy in the Americas, Panama has often been compared to 1970’s Brazil or present day Singapore. And with ongoing projects such as a $5.3 billion expansion of the Panama Canal and a $13.6 billion government investment in infrastructure, this Central American country is not slowing down. Its sophisticated banks and stable economy attract investors worldwide.
In addition, the Panamanian government has a long history of establishing incentives and atmospheres that make investing in this beautiful landscape even more attractive. The list below highlights some of the more significant benefits:
Panama Incentives for Retirees & Expats
Retiree Tourist Visa
The Turista pensionado affords retirees (who must be a minimum of 18 years of age), who can show proof of income, the following benefits:
- Import of household goods (up to $10,000) free of taxes
- Import of a car for personal use every two years
- Property tax exemption on a home that is your only residence
- Discounts between 15-50 percent on restaurants, hotels, entertainment, and professional services
Panama Real Estate Laws
Law 54 – Foreign Investor Protection
This law grants foreign investors and their businesses the same rights and freedoms as Panama natives. They are also granted the right to dispose of their investment profits and repatriate their interest, dividends, and profits.
Article 44 – Private Property
This section of Panama’s constitution guarantees that the rights of property owners are protected for both Panamanians and foreigners alike.
Law 24 – Reforestation Investment
This law provides benefits, including a 25-year income tax exemption, to those who purchase property for the purpose of reforestation.
Law 2, 2006 – Island Property and Concessions
This law allows foreigners to purchase island property, for the first time ever, provided that it is used for the purpose of tourism and that certain other conditions are met. Concessions, or lease agreements, for government-owned land can also be granted for use in tourism.
Law 9 – Casco Viejo Development
These tax deductions and exemptions were created to encourage the restoration of this section of Panama City. Renovation costs are 100% tax deductible. Income from the sale or rental of the property is exempt for 10 years, and the property itself is exempt for 30.
Panama Investment Incentives & Protections
Banking & Currency
Panama uses the U.S. dollar as its currency and, as a result, has no exchange controls in place to limit the amount of currency that can be traded.
Law 8, 1944 – Tourism Investment
With as little as a $50,000 investment ($300,000 in metropolitan areas), those who wish to start a tourist-related business can enjoy a multitude of tax exemptions. These include import and property taxes, taxes relating to the use of airports or docks, and in some cases even income tax.
Bill 481 – Hotel Investments
This incentive is aimed mainly at hotel investments over $250,000 and include no tax on the import of building materials and tax exemptions on land and improvements for five years.
Law 58 – Outside Developments
This bill incentivizes the building or renovation of lodging facilities that are outside of the country’s Special Tourism Zones. Investment in areas such as the mountain regions or islands can result in tax-free importation of materials, equipment, and vehicles. A 20-year exemption on property taxes also applies.
Law 18 – Colon Free Zone
The Colon Free Zone is located at the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal. This free port is home to over 2,500 companies, employs over 28,000 people, and ships more than $16 billion each year. Companies operating within the zone, both foreign and domestic, are mostly free of taxes, provided that they meet a certain set of requirements. These include employing a minimum of 5 local workers, exporting a minimum of 60 percent of their merchandise, and maintaining certain reporting criteria.
Law 41, 2004 – Panama Pacifico
This area, formerly Howard Air Force Base, is another tax free zone established to attract certain categories of business. These include call centers, corporate headquarters, distribution and logistics centers, naval and aircraft goods and services, technology manufacturing, and the film industry. The site is also equipped with a One-Stop Shop that houses 12 governmental agencies under one roof for ease of conducting business, obtaining permits, etc.
Law 32, 1927 – Comprehensives and Simplified Regime of Free Zones
Passed in 2011, this act allows for the establishment of tax free zones anywhere in the country, provided that they do not interfere with the local ecosystem. To date, there are 14 free zones registered, nine of which are already operating.
Law 3 – Manufacturing Companies
Under this law, companies involved in the manufacturing and processing industry that export all of their products are exempt from direct taxes including import taxes on machinery and equipment.
Taxes
Panama is famous for its low taxes across the board. Income tax is only 7 percent after the first $9,000 and maxes out at only 27 percent. However, taxes only even apply to income from Panamanian sources. New home purchases are tax exempt for the first 20 years. Capital gains taxes are a low 10% and no inheritance tax exists.
The decision to pack up and leave the familiarity of life in the United States in exchange for the freedoms of life in the tropics isn’t an easy one. Nor is it one to be taken lightly. Although some online quizzes may proclaim the ability to pinpoint your ideal destination in under a minute, you might be just as well served by haphazardly throwing a few darts at a map…blindfolded.
Now please don’t misunderstand. A light-hearted quiz might be a fun diversion during those last few long hours of a Friday afternoon at the office. And, if you’re like so many other Americans who desire a better life but have no idea where to start, it might be a first step in the right direction.
However, relocating overseas takes a lot of consideration and careful planning, not to mention some quality time spent in your potential new home to make sure it’s a good fit for you.
Below are some initial factors you might want to consider when deciding if…no, make that…specifically what part of the tropics is right for you.
What Can I Afford?
This is the number one question on most people’s minds when they’re considering relocating, so let’s just start there. When choosing a home in Latin America, cost is an important factor to consider. You may want to weigh out how the cost of living in various locations stacks up to that of the U.S or whether you would be able to get by on Social Security alone. You may find that some of your desired areas are more affordable than you think.
While the cost of living varies greatly from one country to the next, monthly expenses can run as low as $1,500 in countries like Panama, Ecuador or Nicaragua.
Just How Far Removed Will I Be?
Moving to the tropics doesn’t mean just leaving your home. It involves relocating to a place far from friends, family, and the conveniences to which you’ve grown accustomed. So, how hard will it be to get to where you want to go once you’ve found your tropical home?
Things you might want to consider when choosing your new address should include factors like how close the city is to a major airport. And then, how long is the flight back to the States when you do get ready to visit? You might also want to think about the proximity of hospitals, schools, or a business district where you can work, if you so desire.
What Are My Healthcare Options?
Healthcare is another factor to consider when making the ultimate decision of where to relocate. Like many other variables the quality and cost of healthcare can vary greatly from one area to the next.
But overall it’s quite good and seems to be improving. Many doctors have even spent time training in the U.S. and speak English well. Visit the Joint Commission International website for more information on accredited hospitals near your desired location.
There’s also the question of health insurance. While Medicare won’t be an option, there are other U.S. insurance policies whose coverage will extend overseas. In addition, most countries have their own national healthcare systems which are available to expats. Check in to all of the options available to you before you make any decisions.
What Type of Setting and Climate Suits Me Best?
Whether you’re looking for a beach retreat in a tropical climate or a mountain haven with four distinct seasons, a multitude of options awaits you. The same is true for those seeking rural relaxation or a bustling city center. This is where the importance of spending time in your desired area really comes into play. A lot of people like to vacation on the beach. Not everyone wants to live on one.
And, while owning your own island sounds magical, it probably isn’t right for someone who enjoys having access to a local convenience store that’s open all night. Think about what type of atmosphere it is that really makes you tick, and build your future around that.
What Will I Do When I Get There?
So, maybe you’ve seen photos showcasing the hiking and surfing opportunities throughout Latin America, and maybe you’re worried because those activities don’t interest you. The attractions, events, cuisine, and culture throughout Latin America are as varied as the cities that house them.
There’s no need to force yourself to fit into a mold that doesn’t suit you. Do your homework, and research the types of activities available in the area you’re targeting. Find the place with the lifestyle that speaks to you. Whatever your interests or hobbies, you’re sure to find a place that will accommodate them. Who knows? You might even pick up a few more hobbies along the way.
How Will I Fit In?
One final question you might need to ask yourself before diving headfirst into another culture is the question of how easy it will be to acclimate to your new surroundings once you arrive. What are the people like? Is there already an established expat community? Are the locals welcoming to outsiders? Will I need to learn a new language? How readily available are the foods to which I’m accustomed?
No matter how many other aspects match your criteria, there is no substitute for being just plain old comfortable in your day-to-day life. As mentioned before, spend some time in your prospective new community. Get to know the locals, the climate, and the culture.
You’ll know it’s the right place when it already feels like home.